Even these amounts are not easy to obtain in an ordi­nary Australian diet with all its convenience foods, unless the mother makes certain to take two freshly squeezed new oranges a day or several pieces of fresh fruit and salads, or carefully prepared greens and vegetables.

Even this amount is not really sufficient to maintain a woman undergoing the stresses of pregnancy, labour and the nursing period in optimum Vitamin C balance. As well as this, the growing baby, both before and after birth, has definite Vitamin C requirements of his own. In fact, nature in her wisdom supplies the foetus (unborn child) with the Vitamin C he needs at the expense of the mother’s supply; for at birth the baby’ blood is found to contain a higher level of Vitamin C than that of the mother.

If you do a little sum in your head for the nursing mother you will find that if breast milk should contain more than 4 mg Vitamin C per 100 ml and the mother must produce 500 to 1000 ml of milk a day to nourish her 3 month old baby, this takes more than 20 to 40 mg a day, leaving her a bare 60 mg for her own hard working physiol­ogy. Enough certainly, to prevent frank scurvy, but not nearly enough to keep her and her baby in optimum health and resist the infections and pollution inevitable in a mod­ern environment.

Though fully breast fed babies are more resistant to infections than the artificially fed, too many of them are subject to infected ears, colds and coughs early in life. It is no hardship, but indeed a definite insurance for both her­self and the baby for expectant mothers to take good daily supplements of Vitamin C throughout pregnancy and the nursing period.

A great deal of research has been carried out on guinea pigs and laboratory animals on the effects of Vitamin C on their reproductive life since the 1930s to the present day. The overall conclusions translated into the proportioned weight of the human body arrives at the conclusion that human mothers would do best on 3 grams to 11 grams of ascorbic acid daily; that even larger doses had no deleteri­ous effects on guinea pigs but improved their whole repro­ductive period.

But human mothers are not guinea pigs. Let us turn to the results produced in 300 consecutive obstetrical cases using supplements of ascorbic acid by mouth carried out at the Reedsville Memorial Hospital, North Carolina, under Dr Klenner, reported in the Journal of Applied Nutrition. The lowest amount was 4 grams and the highest amount 15 grams each day.

‘Requirements were roughly 4 grams first trimester (three months), 6 grams second trimester and 10 grams third trimester. Approximately 20 per cent required 15 grams each day during last trimester. Eighty per cent of this series received a booster injection of 20 grams, intraven­ously, on admission to the hospital. Hemoglobin levels were much easier to maintain. Leg cramps were less than three per cent and were always associated with “getting out” of Vitamin C tablets. “Striae gravidarim” (stretch marks) were seldom encountered and when it was present there existed an associated problem of too much eating and too little walking. The capacity of the skin to resist the pressure of an expanding uterus will also vary in different individuals.

‘Labour was shorter and less painful. There were no post-partum haemorrhages. The perineum was found to be remarkably elastic, and episiotomy was performed only in selected cases. Healing was always by first intention and even after 15 and 20 years following the last child the firmness of the perinacum is found to be similar to that of a primigravida in those who have continued their daily sup­plemental Vitamin C. No patient required catheterization. No toxic manifestations were demonstrated in this series. There was no cardiac stress even though 22 patients of the series had rheumatic hearts. One patient in particular was carried through two pregnancies without complications. She had been warned by her previous obstetrician that a second pregnancy would terminate with a maternal death. She received no ascorbic acid with her first pregnancy. This lady has-been back teaching school for the past 10 years. She still takes 10 grams of ascorbic acid daily.

‘Infants born under massive ascorbic acid therapy were all robust. Not a single case required resuscitation. We experienced no feeding problems. The Fultz quadruplets were in this series. They took milk nourishment on the second day. These babies were started on 50 mg ascorbic acid the first day and, of course, this was increased as time went on.

‘Our only nursery equipment was one hospital bed, an old, used single unit hot plate and an equally old 10 quart kettle. Humidity and ascorbic acid tells this story. They are the only quadruplets that have survived in south eastern United States.

‘Another case of which I am justly proud is one in which we delivered 10 children to one couple. All are healthy and good looking. There were no miscarriages. All are living and well. They are frequently referred to as the Vitamin C kids, in fact, all of the babies from this series were called “Vitamin C Babies” by the nursing personnel — they were distinctly different’.

Dr Klenner’s recommended amounts seem unneces­sarily large to some — but his results speak for themselves; and I would rather see mothers and babies ‘distinctly diff­erent’ from the many who do have less than optimal health and well-being at this time.
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Lead from car exhaust fumes affecting city children, from lead working industries, from old flaking lead paint can cause many symptoms of lead poisoning which are alleviated by small daily doses of Vitamin C plus calcium — but eliminated by large doses.

All city dwellers, especially children, and workers in petrol stations and those living near traffic highways should take Vitamin C supplements daily.

Mercury which we take in small quantities in fish, in some pesticides and is still in some medicines and applica­tions that can be bought over the counter. Industrial work­ers in the manufacture of thermometers, dry cells, cleaning and packing some scientific equipment -— even dental workers handling mercury-amalgam fillings, are all ex­posed to mercury poisoning.

Workers exposed to mercury in any form need larger daily doses — 3 to 5 grams — as a conservative estimate to prevent mercury poisoning which insidiously affects the nervous system first of all.

Arsenic. Now that syphillis is no longer treated with arsenical compounds, as it was until penicillin took over during and after the war years, there is little danger of arsenic poisoning as there was in my student days.

In the early 1940s ascorbic acid was considered the safest way of avoiding intolerance to arsenic and preventing kidney damage.

Cadmium is another subtle poison which is contained in some drinking water from old galvanized pipes, in smoke from coal fires and tobacco smoke and as polluted fish and oysters in waters contaminated by industrial effluent.

Ascorbic acid will almost certainly assist in detoxifying this element which tends to accumulate and cause irrever­sible kidney damage.

Many pesticides and manufacturing components such as benzene destroy or use up ascorbic acid in its detoxifying activity. Those exposed to the volatile benzene fumes in factories and farmers and orchardists who spray with pes­ticides need extra Vitamin C in their food, or daily supple­ments of the vitamin — at least 1000 mg a day to avoid the often unrealized toxic effects of the poisons to which they are exposed.

Air pollution is a serious problem in our cities, which grow larger and larger every year. Health Authorities are endeavoring to check the smoke and gases emitted into the air from industrial plants and internal combustion engines. But it is a long term project, and the smog hanging over our cities seems as thick as ever.

Probably the worst offender is carbon monoxide. Even small amounts of carbon monoxide constantly maintained in the air cells of the lungs can lead to oxygen deficiency in the tissues, causing extreme exhaustion. This is under­standable as the appetite of carbon monoxide for the haemoglobin in the blood is approximately 300 times as great as that for oxygen.

Dr Klenner who has explored every avenue of Vitamin C efficiency states that the treatment of choice for carbon monoxide poisoning, both acute and chronic, is ascorbic acid. Very large doses intravenously are necessary to over­come acute poisoning, but daily protective doses of the vitamin for those who must travel in city streets in buses and long traffic lines of cars are yet to be determined. But Dr Klenner recommends several grams a day.

More specific are the needs of cigarette smokers for their daily intake of Vitamin C.

Dr Irwin Stone himself states that when a vitamin is employed to neutralize toxins from either within or outside the body there is less available for the body’s day to day needs. To illustrate he determined by laboratory and clini­cal tests that the smoking of one cigarette neutralizes ap­proximately 25 milligrams of Vitamin C or the amount in a medium sized orange. It will thus be seen how difficult it is to meet the bodily requirements of the packet-a-day smoker for even the protective level of Vitamin C from dietary sources.

Of course, carbon monoxide is not the only harmful ingredient of tobacco smoke. Nicotine and other toxic sub­stances are present. Many surveys have shown that the ascorbic acid level in the blood of smokers is far less than in that of non-smokers, as much as 40 per cent less.

Dr Stone considers that many heavy smokers are actu­ally suffering from ‘Smoker’s Scurvy’ and unless they stop smoking, those who cannot kick the habit should take more than enough Vitamin C daily not only to make up for the ascorbic acid used up in neutralizing tobacco toxins but enough extra to meet their body’s daily needs. This would mean 750 mg a day for the 30 a day smoker, 1000 mg for the 40 a day addict, plus another 500 to 1000 mg to maintain the body at a positive Vitamin C level.

Dr Stone believes that such a long term consistent in­take of ascorbic acid would protect even hard core smokers against cancers, emphysema, coronaries and other diseases which afflict smokers.

Smokers are subject to bladder cancer. Some resear­chers like Schegal and his colleagues at Tulane University recommend that the daily use of 1.5 grams— 1500 mg — of ascorbic acid will prevent the recurrence of bladder cancer in smokers. Other clinical workers recommend that a larger dose of 3 grams a day are safer to keep malignancy at bay. (See Chapter on Vitamin C and Cancer).
*30/21/7*
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Dandruff is caused by the shedding of tiny flakes of dead skin from the scalp. This skin shedding is part of a normal process which occurs all over the body, but is usually more apparent in the hair because the flakes can accumulate there. Dandruff is just an exaggeration of this process on the scalp, and its cause is unknown.

Clinical features

Your child may have a very itchy scalp, and you will notice excessive tiny white flakes of dead skin in his hair and on his clothes. If your child scratches a lot, the scalp may become red and sore.

Treatment

Dandruff can usually be controlled by washing the hair daily with a medicated shampoo. Make sure you brush your child’s hair well before shampooing, to remove as many dead flakes of skin as possible. Do not brush too vigorously as this may hurt the scalp if it is already irritated. Once the dandruff is under control, you may be able to cut back the use of medicated shampoo and wash the hair on alternate days. Alternate between using normal shampoo and antidandruff shampoo.

When to see your doctor

• if the dandruff does not improve after 2-3 weeks using this treatment;

• if your child has thick, flaky patches in the scalp. Although it is uncommon, this may be the first sign of psoriasis

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The kit described below does not make you a do-it-yourself doctor. It is always best to check with your doctor first, before giving any medications to your child. What this kit will provide you with is the means to administer first aid treatment in the event of injury and to treat symptoms such as fever or pain.

A cabinet which is portable is often a good idea, so that you can carry it immediately to where it may be needed, and have everything available beside you. It can also been taken along when travelling. You may wish to check with the Child Safety Centre at your nearest children’s hospital, or the Child Accident Prevention Foundation, who will be more than willing to advise you on the sort of cabinet to purchase. They may even have a recommended design for you if you intend to build a medicine cabinet yourself.

The list below is intended as a guide to what we consider useful for parents to have readily available at home. It is not exhaustive and you may want to add other things to it.

We encourage you to show this list to your doctor and discuss whether there is anything else that he feels should be added for your child. There is room at the end to add these things. Check the list regularly to ensure the medications are current (i.e. that they have not passed their expiry date).

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I had everything the books say, but I didn’t feel it like you would think. It’s a little like being numb. I went through the whole self-help thing, but it’s like 1 still had something more in me.

I did not indicate which of the above reports was from a husband or wife so that you could try to guess for yourself. Can you tell? The first was a husband, the second the wife. Early in the treatment program, 881 men and 492 women reported this problem. More men reported this only because the whole idea of a psychasm was new to them. Once I started asking, they knew just what I meant. The women related more easily to the problem as a concept, but tended to be more holistic in their orientation and more capable of psychasms in some form of their sexual activity.

SEMINAL SEEPAGE: It was a strange sensation, almost like I was peeing. It felt warm, and there wasn’t a thing I could do about it. She didn’t even touch me—touch my penis, I mean—and it all came out. I lost my erection and felt like I just didn’t want to go on, but I never really felt the throbbing I get. It just all came out, almost all at once.

HUSBAND

Nineteen men of the thousand reported similar experiences. Each was associated with anxiety, a performance orientation to the sexual encounter, resulting in excessive and early discharge of the excitation part of the neurohormonal system (the sympathetic nervous system).

URINARY OR SKENE’S GLANDS EMISSION WITHOUT CONTRACTIONS: I felt like I was peeing, like something was coming out down there. It was embarrassing because I have had no control over it, it just happened. I tried to pretend nothing was happening, but I know he knew, too. He never said anything, but sometimes it happens and I can’t control it. It’s not coming or anything. It just comes out.

WIFE

Thirty-eight women of the thousand reported this phenomenon. Since my report is purely subjective, with no visual laboratory investigation, I cannot interpret these reports to support the con-Tsion that women emit an ejaculate. This fluid may be related to he Skene’s glands, some mixture of Skene’s glands fluid and urine, emission of urine related to stress incontinence. Nonetheless, the subjective experience was similar to the male reports of seminal seepage and related to sympathetic (hot) orientations to the sexual encounter.

Since sex research does not focus on “hot or cold” life orientations in favor of a genital focus, it may be yielding inconsistent findings regarding the controversy of female ejaculation.

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WIFE

“To hell with the whole damn government!” said the husband to the anchorman for the evening news. He used the remote control as if it were a small pistol and shot off the television. “New tax system, my foot. Get the little guy every time. Screw ‘em,” he finished as he turned his attention to the sports section of the newspaper that had actually been left in the family room for two days.

His wife sat alone at the dining-room table, four plates around her empty, but hers more than half full. The family dog looked up at her and, with a grunt and a long sigh, finally gave up his vigil and curled in the corner to sleep. Minutes before, the woman had been waitress, busboy, and encounter-group leader, refereeing several mini-conflicts between her three children while her husband talked at her about his day at work.

“Yes, thank you, my sore shoulder is feeling much better,” answered the deserted wife and mother to no one. “Oh yes, my day was very busy. No, that tooth did not need a cap. As a matter of fact, the dentist had sex with me three times. He drilled me, filled me, and thrilled me.”

“Did you say something, honey?” asked the husband without looking up from his newspaper. Of course, he knew she had said something, but he had learned that by asking this question, he would not have to listen to her response.

“No, not really” was the answer he had expected and received. “Bye, Mom!” she heard from one of her three children. Voice changes accompanying adolescence made identification of the exiting child almost impossible.

“Where are you going?” yelled the mother as rapidly as she could. It was too late; the side door slammed before the words were out of her mouth. Sometime ago, she would have run to the door and demanded an accounting, or an apology for rudeness. This time she remained seated. She folded her arms in front of her, rested her head on her arms, and began to cry.

She must have fallen asleep, because she was startled to awareness by two cold hands up her sweatshirt, one cupping each breast. “How ’bout some action, sweet cheeks. The kids out for a while?”

His erection pushed against her left arm through his jeans. She wondered if he had become aroused by his successful shooting of the anchorperson, the stimulation of days-old baseball scores, or the fact that he had a few minutes before his softball game with the guys.

“Maybe later. I’ve got to get this table cleared off,” she bargained.

“That’s just what I mean. We have no spontaneity in our sex life. You’re always so inhibited. Can’t you just let go? Every sex manual in the world tells you to let go.” The husband was angry, frustrated, and knew that he would be too tired later for sex after a night with the guys lying about work, sports, and their sex life.

The wife had learned that, for her husband, “to let go” meant to respond to his needs whenever they arose. His needs never seemed to arise in response to her, but had a life of their own. She unzipped his fly, rubbed his penis vigorously, and looked up at him standing beside her. She knew this would not take long.

As he finished, he asked her hurriedly, “Where did you put the tissues? The kids could come home any minute.”

“In the drawer by the knives,” she said, wondering why she was thinking of knives at this moment.

“Now, you see? We can have a quickie. We can let go. See what I mean?” he said as he prepared to ask his wife about the location of his baseball glove.

“It’s in the trunk of your car,” she said, using her well-developed one-directional family mental telepathy.

“Bye!” he said. As the door slammed, she looked at the remote-control device on the family-room floor and wondered if it worked on husbands as well as anchorpersons.

This scene and its finite variations were reported by the thousand couples. It is an explicit sex scene, containing every element necessary to understand the sexual problem that brought this couple to my clinic. The husband complained that his wife was “frigid, always distracted, and not orgasmic.” The wife reluctantly reported in confidence that her husband was a “premature ejaculator” and that she felt “totally asexual.” They had read the sex manuals, had been to two sex therapists over the past three years, and, by the husband’s report, “even tried one of those adult hotels with the mirrors, but it wasn’t much.”

The couple had been taught postures and techniques. They had been shown films. They were given some special cream to numb the husband’s penis so he could “last longer.” They had been taught to look for the wife’s “G spot,” in hopes that its discovery would free her for sexual bliss. They had not been taught that it was their system, not their sex, that was their problem.

Take the following sexual system test with your partner. Make time to discuss each issue. Sexual problems are disorders of a system, a disruption of natural flow between marital partners, and between the marriage and the rest of the world. The Chinese refer to the natural flow of life as the Tao, and there is a Tao of marital sex. When our major reproductive organ, our brain, does not function with the “sexual Tao” of the marriage, we experience sexual disease. Super marital sex depends upon establishing a flow, an ease within the system that the couple I am describing has lost.

The test you are about to take is based on what we know about natural systems. Worry less about your actual score on this test and focus instead on the interaction with your partner as you examine each item. Before you put away the dishes or go to the Softball game, sit down and see what is meant by “going with the flow.”

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There is a sudden onset of chest pain, usually made worse by breathing, associated with shortness of breath. The symptoms are marked and often distress the victim so much he is convinced he has suffered a heart attack.

Examination by the doctor should provide the correct diagnosis and could be confirmed by an X-ray of the chest.

Small pneumothoraces may be left to resorb the air and allow the lung to re-expand. Larger ones will require drainage of the air.

This is achieved by inserting a rubber catheter or tube into the pleural space from the upper chest and connecting this tube to an underwater seal.

As the person breathes and coughs, the air is forced down the tube and bubbles out through the water, but the water rises in the tube and prevents more air from entering the pleural space.

In recurrent cases of spontaneous pneumothorax, it may be necessary to obliterate the pleural space to prevent recurrence.

This can be achieved by operation or instilling irritants into the pleural cavity to cause inflammation of the surfaces of the pleura so that they stick together.

*534/71/1*

The patient’s age, general condition and occupation are all considered before operation. Several investigations may be necessary to establish the extent of the disease and which arteries are involved and where is the narrowed portion.

These investigations include an electrocardiogram (ECG) and chest X-ray. Echograms using ultrasound may show the outlines of the heart chambers.

Stress testing, where the person is exercised and monitored with cardiographs, may indicate not only the presence of artery disease, but also its extent. The most important investigation however, is the procedure of coronary angiography.

In this, a thin flexible tube or catheter is inserted into an artery in the arm or leg and pushed along until it enters the aorta. It is then guided into the opening of the coronary arteries.

A radio-opaque dye is injected through the catheter and flows along the coronary arteries. X-rays are taken and show the arteries and whether they are narrowed or blocked.

A bypass operation is major surgery, but the benefits are certainly greater than the risks.

Coronary artery bypass surgery is no longer experimental. It has an established place in the management of coronary artery disease and can be offered to selected patients as a means of reducing the severe effects of the disease and improving their chances of returning to full and productive life. It also holds the potential of increasing the lifespan of those with established disease in their coronary arteries.

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